Nitrogen is used as an assist gas for laser cutting of stainless steel, aluminium and non-metallic materials These metals readily form a protective oxide surface layer from the small amount of oxygen in the nitrogen and need no further protection It is a colorless, low viscosity liquid that is widely used as a coolant. It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air. Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of about 195.8 ☌ (320 ☏ 77 K). Pure nitrogen is used to protect some of the most reactive metals during heat treatment. Liquid nitrogenLN2is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature. In this process perfectly flat glass with a very high quality is achieved by floating liquid glass on a bath of molten tin Nitrogen and hydrogen are used in the float glass process for manufacturing flat glass.
A vacuum is applied to the freezing chamber along with a controlled amount of heat sufficient to drive off moisture by sublimation In the freeze-drying process, materials dissolved in water or organic solvents are frozen into particles or droplets. Used in modified atmosphere packaging, liquid nitrogen can increase the shelf-life without the need for vacuum-packing, artificial preservatives or freezing Used in brewing, soft drinks and wine-making industries to exclude air from the product and de-aerate water. Liquid nitrogen freezes food quickly, producing a higher-quality product compared to to conventional refrigeration Used in the inerting of printed circuit board reflow and wave ovens, to prevent oxidation and facilitate the use of weaker fluxes which decompose more easily without leaving a residue The atmosphere and ambient temperature surrounding naturally respiring products such as fruit is actively controlled to provide optimum conditions for long-term storage Nitrogen is used to maintain a dry inert atmosphere over chemicals during storage, reaction or processing. Nitrogen is often used for the storage of semen samples for artificial insemination of cattle. Some common applications where nitrogen is used are:
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